Phonemes and graphemes

Source: https://englishphonetics.net/english-phonetics-academy/the-44-sounds-of-english-based-on-the-IPA.html

English vowel letters and their sounds

A vowel is a particular kind of speech sound made by changing the shape of the upper vocal tract, or the area in the mouth above the tongue. In English it is important to know that there is a difference between a vowel sound and a letter in the alphabet. 

English Consonant letters and their sounds

A consonant letter usually represents one consonant sound. Some consonant letters, for example, c, g, s, can represent two different consonant sounds.

Phoneme	IPA Symbol	Graphemes	Examples	Voiced?
1	b	b, bb	bug, bubble	Yes
2	d	d, dd, ed	dad, add, milled	Yes
3	f	f, ff, ph, gh, lf, ft	fat, cliff, phone, enough, half, often	No
4	g	g, gg, gh,gu,gue	gun, egg, ghost, guest, prologue	Yes
5	h	h, wh	hop, who	No
6	dʒ	j, ge, g, dge, di, gg	jam, wage, giraffe, edge, soldier, exaggerate	Yes
7	k	k, c, ch, cc, lk, qu ,q(u), ck, x	kit, cat, chris, accent, folk, bouquet, queen, rack, box	No
8	l	l, ll	live, well	Yes
9	m	m, mm, mb, mn, lm	man, summer, comb, column, palm	Yes
10	n	n, nn,kn, gn, pn, mn	net, funny, know, gnat, pneumonic, mneumonic	Yes
11	p	p, pp	pin, dippy	No
12	r	r, rr, wr, rh	run, carrot, wrench, rhyme	Yes
13	s	s, ss, c, sc, ps, st, ce, se	sit, less, circle, scene, psycho, listen, pace, course	No
14	t	t, tt, th, ed	tip, matter, thomas, ripped	No
15	v	v, f, ph, ve	vine, of, stephen, five	Yes
16	w	w, wh, u, o	wit, why, quick, choir	Yes
17	z	z, zz, s, ss, x, ze, se	zed, buzz, his, scissors, xylophone, craze	Yes
18	ʒ	s, si, z	treasure, division, azure	Yes
19	tʃ	ch, tch, tu, ti, te	chip, watch, future, action, righteous	No
20	ʃ	sh, ce, s, ci, si, ch, sci, ti	sham, ocean, sure, special, pension, machine, conscience, station	No
21	θ	th	thongs	No
22	ð	th	leather	Yes
23	ŋ	ng, n, ngue	ring, pink, tongue	Yes
24	j	y, i, j	you, onion, hallelujah	Yes

 

English vowel letters and their sounds

A vowel is a particular kind of speech sound made by changing the shape of the upper vocal tract, or the area in the mouth above the tongue. In English it is important to know that there is a difference between a vowel sound and a [letter] in the [alphabet]. In English there are five vowel letters in the alphabet.

Phoneme	IPA Symbol	Graphemes	Examples
25	æ	a, ai, au	cat, plaid, laugh
26	eɪ	a, ai, eigh, aigh, ay, er, et, ei, au, a_e, ea, ey	bay, maid, weigh, straight, pay, foyer, filet, eight, gauge, mate, break, they
27	e	e, ea, u, ie, ai, a, eo, ei, ae	end, bread, bury, friend, said, many, leopard, heifer, aesthetic
28	i:	e, ee, ea, y, ey, oe, ie, i, ei, eo, ay	be, bee, meat, lady, key, phoenix, grief, ski, deceive, people, quay
29	ɪ	i, e, o, u, ui, y, ie	it, england, women, busy, guild, gym, sieve
30	aɪ	i, y, igh, ie, uy, ye, ai, is, eigh, i_e	spider, sky, night, pie, guy, stye, aisle, island, height, kite
31	ɒ	a, ho, au, aw, ough	swan, honest, maul, slaw, fought
32	oʊ	o, oa, o_e, oe, ow, ough, eau, oo, ew	open, moat, bone, toe, sow, dough, beau, brooch, sew
33	ʊ	o, oo, u,ou	wolf, look, bush, would
34	ʌ	u, o, oo, ou	lug, monkey, blood, double
35	u:	o, oo, ew, ue, u_e, oe, ough, ui, oew, ou	who, loon, dew, blue, flute, shoe, through, fruit, manoeuvre, group
36	ɔɪ	oi, oy, uoy	join, boy, buoy
37	aʊ	ow, ou, ough	now, shout, bough
38	ə	a, er, i, ar, our, ur	about, ladder, pencil, dollar, honour, augur
39	eəʳ	air, are, ear, ere, eir, ayer	chair, dare, pear, where, their, prayer
40	ɑ:	a	arm
41	ɜ:ʳ	ir, er, ur, ear, or, our, yr	bird, term, burn, pearl, word, journey, myrtle
42	ɔ:	aw, a, or, oor, ore, oar, our, augh, ar, ough, au	paw, ball, fork, poor, fore, board, four, taught, war, bought, sauce
43	ɪəʳ	ear, eer, ere, ier	ear, steer, here, tier
44	ʊəʳ	ure, our	cure, tourist